OSU Named Center of Excellence in Advanced Energy

The announcement below of the naming of a Center of Excellence in Advanced Energy at Ohio State is from the OSU Media Relations Department:

Ohio State to help drive Ohio’s new energy economy as state-designated Center of Excellence

The Ohio State University today was named an Ohio Center of Excellence in advanced energy by Ohio Governor Ted Strickland. The selection recognizes Ohio State’s wide range of research expertise in the areas of climate, energy and the environment and ties the university’s work directly to the state’s economic development strategies.

In a news conference, Gov. Strickland designated nine Ohio Centers of Excellence in advanced energy. Each of the Centers will focus their academic and research activities within advanced energy to undertake world-class research that ultimately drive the competitiveness of Ohio’s economy. Each will also help the state meet the requirements of Senate Bill 221, a landmark energy reform bill, enacted last year.

Caroline Whitacre, vice president for research at Ohio State, says the award recognizes the university’s unique capacity to assemble comprehensive teams that can focus on critical problems such as global warming, carbon sequestration and a range of sustainable new energy and transportation technologies.

“Ohio State has the people and programs in place to help take energy research in Ohio to the next level,” Whitacre said. “More than 300 Ohio State researchers are focused on some aspect of climate, energy, and the environment. We already partner with many businesses and nonprofits, entities that have helped make Ohio a top-five producer of clean energy jobs. This recognition will help strengthen those partnerships and attract the best researchers, faculty and students who are committed to this important field.”

Whitacre says the Centers of Excellence take the existing synergies and opportunities for collaboration in the energy area among Ohio universities already established by the University Clean Energy Alliance of Ohio to a new level.

“In a time of scarce resources, we think it’s important to leverage the strengths of all the state’s public institutions in addressing Ohio’s future. There are a lot of potential connections between us that will benefit not only Ohio State, but also the other universities and ultimately, the citizens of Ohio – by educating the best students and in facilitating cutting-edge research and development that will serve as an economic driver for the state’s future.”

Creating Centers of Excellence at Ohio’s public universities is part of the University System of Ohio’s Strategic Plan for Higher Education, 2008-2017. The idea draws upon the distinctive research strengths of each institution to make Ohio competitive in the country and in the world. It is a way of organizing research excellence across the state to solve problems, create new technologies and propel promising state industries.

In response to the request, Ohio State created five Centers of Excellence which draw faculty and researchers from across the institution to contribute in the most immediate ways to the economic health of our state and to its position in a global economy: Climate, Energy and the Environment; Health and Well-Being, Human Behavior and Bioinformatics; State, Regional and Urban Development; Food Production, Supply and Safety; and Materials, Manufacturing Technologies and Nanotechnologies.

Advanced energy represents the first round of announcements of Centers of Excellence that align with the state’s targeted industries and keep talent in Ohio. The additional university Centers for advanced energy are located at: Bowling Green State University; Case Western Reserve University; Central State University; University of Cincinnati; University of Dayton; The Ohio State University; Ohio University; and The University of Toledo.

Ohio State dedicates more than 300 researchers to the nation’s quest for environmentally sustainable energy solutions that promote economic growth in Ohio and safeguard our planet. Comprehensive teams at Ohio State build on extensive expertise to sequester carbon, refine carbon-trading, generate cleaner, less expensive and renewable power and protect natural resources. They track the effect of climate change on water resources from retreating glaciers to rising sea levels and water tables across the globe. And, they partner with advanced materials experts to make solar energy collection even more commercially viable.

IMR Colloquium: Kazuhiro Hono, October 29

The OSU Institute for Materials Research (IMR) announces the first talk in its 2009-2010 IMR Colloquia Series:

Toward Higher Performance Permanent Magnets for Automotive Applications
Kazuhiro Hono
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and University of Tsukuba
Kazuhiro Hono Photo
Thursday, October 29, 2009
9:00 – 10:00 AM (light reception to follow)
E100 Scott Laboratory
201 West 19th Avenue

For a full abstract and bio click here

IMR Quarterly, Fall 2009

IMR Quarterly Fall 09 Cover web

Features

  • Materials in Cancer Detection (Claudia Turro)
  • Wright Center Reviews: PVIC (Bob Davis), CMPND (Sharrell Mikesell)
  • Faculty Spotlight: Suresh Babu, Integrated Systems Engineering

Download

Download the Fall 2009 Quarterly Newsletter

About IMR Quarterly

The Institute for Materials Research provides a newsletter three times a year with technical articles highlighting OSU research, updates on research funded by IMR grants, facility updates, recently awarded grants, and other materials research news.  To receive the IMR Quarterly by mail, or to make suggestions for future articles please contact Layla Manganaro at manganaro.4@osu.edu.

Faculty Spotlight – Dr. Hendrik Verweij

Dr. Hendrik VerweijHendrik (Henk) Verweij joined the department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) at The Ohio State University in March 2001, and was appointed as the Orton Chair in Ceramic Engineering. Before that he was Professor of the Inorganic Materials Science group in the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Twente in the Netherlands for 9 years.

Verweij fig1

Figure 1: Supported Pd alloy (PdA) membrane structure. In optimized designs the porous layer thickness, X, is roughly proportional to the pore diameter Øp.

Dr. Verweij is currently teaching ceramics processing and has redeveloped several undergraduate labs and reporting classes for the department of materials science and engineering. His research is fully focused on supported inorganic membranes and fuel cells. Membranes as well as fuel cells have the principal advantage that they operate isothermally, which means that their energetic efficiency can approach the reversible thermodynamic limits. Inorganic (ceramic) membranes will play an important role in more efficient separation of O2 from air, CO2 from flue gas for sequestration, H2 from coal gas, and pure water from brackish/contaminated water. Better access to cheap, pure water in the developing world would have a much larger impact than any renewable energy technology. The same applies to large scale energy conversion. The chemical industry uses huge amounts of energy for the separation of C2H4 monomers from C2H4/C2H6 mixtures by cryogenic distillation; the energy requirement in membrane separation would ultimately be limited to pure C2H4 compression work.

Dr. Verweij’s group is currently focusing on fabrication and properties of structures as shown in Figure 1. The membrane’s top layer needs to be very thin, preferably 10…100 nm. The challenge is to make that thin film on a porous support without a single (pinhole) defect. In turn all layers must be homogeneous, dense-packed structures. These structures must be perfect and very cheap to make; parallels must be sought in the semi-conductor industry, rather than in the ceramics industry.

verweij-fig2

Figure 2: Fracture cross-section of a state-of-the art supported macro-porous membrane. This membrane has has several industrial applications but was not developed for utra-thin gas separation membranes.

For the sake of comparison, a state of the art two-layer structure is shown in Figure 2, and an optimized structure, recently created at OSU in Figure 3.  Such structures are now used to deposit 200 nm thin Pd-alloy membranes for H2 separation, nano-composite Pt/(Ce,Gd)-oxide membranes for low temperature O2 separation, zeolites for CO2 separation, and meso-porous TiO2 for water purification.

verweij-fig3

Figure 3: Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross-section of a three layer membrane support structure.

 

verweij-fig4

Figure 4: Calculated flow-induced charge-separation in a 4 nm Ø pore channel for a 0.001 M NaCl solution.

Dr. Verweij is also studying characterizing and multi-scale transport properties of supported membrane and fuel cell structures.  His transport descriptions are based on concepts from equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium thermodynamics.  The transport mechanisms for the subsequent supporting layers vary from ballistic transport and Knudsen diffusion to viscous flow.  The membrane layers provide highly selective transport for one molecule by mechanisms that include ambipolar diffusion of charged species, molecular diffusion and space-charge effects as occur in semi-conductor devices.  The ambipolar mechanism requires detailed knowledge of the electronic band structure of the membrane materials.  Highly selective CO2 separation is based on a strongly correlated multi-component diffusion process for which a theory is yet to be developed.  Separation of pure water from a salt solution occurs by “pushing’ it through narrow, open pores.  The purification effect is based on a subtle imbalance between ion ion-diffusion, -migration, and –convection.  This imbalance is caused by a space charge at the pore entrance, shown in Figure 4, that can develop spontaneously by chemi-sorption of cations on the pore wall.  Verweij’s group is also studying thin supported fuel cell structures, not discussed here, using an approach that parallels the membrane work.

The Inorganic Materials Science group recently demonstrated the use of fast colloidal deposition, drying and 600ºC to produce intact membrane layers within one hour.  Development of viable membrane and fuel cell concepts and fabrication routes is of extreme importance for a sustainable energy infrastructure and a clean environment.  The challenges in fabrication and design are enormous, and require contributions from several scientific and technical disciplines, and Dr. Verweij is eager to co-operate with anyone who can offer new perspectives.

For more information on Dr. Verweij’s research please visit his group webpage at: http://www.matsceng.ohio-state.edu/ims/